Concentrations of the Opium Alkaloids Morphine, Codeine, and Thebaine in Poppy Seeds are Reduced after Thermal and Washing Treatments but are Not Affected when Incorporated in a Model Baked Product - PMC
Limited information exists on the effectiveness of potential treatments to reduce levels of opium alkaloids that may be present in seeds from poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). Poppy seeds containing morphine at relatively lower (14.7 mg kg−1) and ...
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Talks about opioid alkaloids in opium poppy seeds
Poppy seed samples and opium alkaloid extraction
Commercially available poppy seeds (n = 15) were purchased from online retailers. Sample portions were arbitrarily coded from S-1 through S-15.
" Opium alkaloids from poppy seeds were extracted from a procedure adapted from a previously reported method.20
20.López P; Pereboom-de Fauw DP; Mulder PP; Spanjer M; de Stoppelaar J; Mol HG; de Nijs M, Straightforward analytical method to determine opium alkaloids in poppy seeds and bakery products. Food Chem 2018, 242, 443–450. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] "
Begins with :
Briefly, 5.0 g of seeds were weighed on a top-loading balance (Sartorius; Goettingen, Germany) and placed in a 50 mL polypropylene centrifuge tube (Nunc; Rochester, NY, USA).
**There is a chemical extraction from that science method ∆ **
and then dispensed into a LC-MS vial (Waters Co., Bedford, MA, USA). Extraction recovery was assessed by spiking a set of three poppy seed samples with 200 μL of 100 μg mL−1 morphine-D3 and then carrying out the extraction procedure stated above.
RESULTS
UPLC-MS/MS analysis of poppy seed samples for opium alkaloids
Overall, there was a large range of opium alkaloid concentrations present in the 15 samples. Morphine ranged from 3.6–261 mg kg−1, codeine from 1.9–378 mg kg−1, and thebaine from 8.1–217 mg kg−1. The overall mean and median of the samples were 73 and 19 mg kg−1 for morphine, 162 and 115 mg kg−1 for codeine, and 116 and 132 mg kg−1 for thebaine. Codeine values were negatively correlated with morphine (R = 0.52; P < 0.05), but thebaine did not exhibit such a relationship.
DISCUSSION
Due to the potential for poppy seeds to contain elevated concentrations of opium alkaloids, we tested various processes to reduce levels of these compounds. We first performed an analysis of the three major opium alkaloids found in samples of poppy seeds obtained from online retailers and found a large variation of the opium alkaloid concentrations present in the samples. As a comparison, data published in 2005 from the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (Bundesinstitut fur Risikobewertung; BfR) indicated that poppy seed samples contained levels ranging from 0.1–620 mg kg−1 morphine, 0.1–57.1 mg kg−1 codeine, and 0.3–41 mg kg−1 thebaine. A separate analysis of opium alkaloids in poppy seeds performed by the Hungarian Food Safety Office found maximum concentrations of 530, 60, and 120 mg kg−1 for morphine, codeine, and thebaine, respectively.28 An analysis of blue poppy seeds (n = 32) from 2018 found concentrations ranged from 0.2–241 mg kg−1 for morphine, < 0.1–348 mg kg−1 for codeine, and < 0.1–106 mg kg−1 for thebaine.20 Even variation within a sample type can be large, as noted by previous research stating that relative standard deviation can reach as high as 40%.20 The present analysis found morphine values similar or lower than previously reported, but the maximum codeine value was 6-fold greater than highest value reported by BfR, and the maximum thebaine concentration was approximately two-fold greater than the highest value reported by two different authors.20, 28
*Interesting Note: washing and/or thermo heating will decompose and reduce the quantity number of opioid alkaloids
But baking doesn't have an effect
Guess it is possible to get "high" of untreated poppy seeds
Thank you
